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© 2008-2010 by Julia Smith. All rights reserved.
Version 1.1, updated 08 March 2010
This is a listing of the occupations and their meanings recorded in two sets of documents from late medieval and Renaissance Florence that have served as the basis of academic studies. The more complete is the Tratte, a listing of men who were eligible for certain offices between 1282 and 1532; it can be found at http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/. The second is the Florence Castasto, a 1427 census of the wealth of households in Florentine dominions; it can be found at http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/. In each case, the researchers went to the original documents and recorded information from them into a delimited database. For the Tratte, the actual occupational terms were recorded as given in the documents; for the Catasto, only codes associated with the occupations are given in the database, and terms are found in the codebook (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/newsearch/catasto_codebook.html).
This includes all occupations recorded in the Tratte, which include both Latin and vernacular (Tuscan Italian) terms. The Latin terms are generally in use earlier, though they presumably only reflect the documentary rather than the spoken terms. However, the Tratte is limited in the occupations represented. Only relatively affluent individuals were eligible for public office, so lower class jobs are not well represented. The forms recorded in the 1427 Catasto cover the entire range of wealth and prestige. However, it is a fragmentary list; many standard occupations are recorded only in their English equivalents. The terms are also moderately normalized. Nonetheless, I think them representative of 15th c. Florentine forms.
| Vernacular (Tuscan Italian) | Latin | Meaning |
| affectator | unclear | |
| arrotator | knife grinder | |
| barbitonsor | barber | |
| boldronariu[s] | fleece seller | |
| capsettariu[s] | box maker | |
| cardaiuolus | wool carder | |
| cardator | wool carder | |
| conciator | hide dresser | |
| farinaiuolu[s] | flour merchant | |
| giubinarius | unclear | |
| lavatory | (cloth) washer | |
| legnarius | carpenter | |
| m. lapidum | master stoneworker | |
| m. petrarum | master stoneworker | |
| maliscalcus | blacksmith | |
| materassaiu[s] | mattress maker | |
| murator | muralist | |
| pectinator | wool carder | |
| pettinator | wool comber | |
| Sartorius | tailor | |
| tabernarius, tavernarius | tavern keeper | |
| tintorlini[us] | dyer | |
| lanifex | wool "maker" | |
| affinatore | cheese-maker | |
| agoraio | agorarius | ? sewer of cloth |
| albergatore | albergator | innkeeper |
| allicciator[e] | [sausage-maker] | |
| architettor[e] | architect | |
| armaiuolo | armaiuolus | arms maker |
| aromatario | aromatarius | perfumer/druggist |
| arte di lana, de arte lane | member of the wool guild | |
| arte. p. s. m. | [member of the silk guild] | |
| assaggiator[e] | assayer (of gold) | |
| balestriere | balistarius | crossbow maker |
| banchiere | bancherius | banker |
| banderaio | bandierarus | banner maker |
| barbiere | barberius | barber |
| bastaio, bastiere | basterius | pack-saddle maker |
| battiloro | gold beater | |
| beccaio | beccarius | butcher |
| biadaiuolo | biadaiuolus | grain/fodder merchant |
| bicchieraio | bicchierari[us] | glass-maker |
| bilanciaio | bilanciariu[s] | scale maker |
| borsaio | borsarius, bursarius | purse maker |
| bottaio | bottarius | cooper |
| brigl[i]aio, brigliaio | bridle-maker | |
| bullettaio | bullettaius | nail-maker |
| c mstro srepa | master [builder] | |
| caciaiuolo | caciaiuolus | cheese and sausage seller |
| calderaio | calderarius | coppersmith/kettle maker |
| calzaiuolo | calzaiuolus | shoemaker |
| calzolaio | calzolarius | shoemaker |
| cambiatore | cambiator | money changer |
| campsor | [money changer] | |
| capo maestro | master [builder] | |
| cappellaio | cappellariu[s] | hatter |
| cappucciaio | ? hood maker | |
| cartolaio | cartolarius | paper seller |
| casettaio, cassettaio | cassettariu[s], cassettaius | chest maker |
| cavaliere | eques, miles | knight |
| ceraiuolo | ceraiolus | wax seller, maker of wax images |
| chiavaiuolo | chiavaiuolu[s] | key maker |
| cimatore | cimator | wool cloth shearer (finisher) |
| cofanaio | cofanarius | casket maker |
| coiaio | coiarius | leather worker |
| coltellaio | cutler, knife maker | |
| coltellinai[o] | coltellinar[ius] | cutler, knife maker |
| coltriciaio | coltriciari[us] | mattress/bedding maker |
| copertoiaio | copertarius, copertorari[us] | maker of bed covers |
| corazzaio | corazzarius | maker of armor plating |
| coreggiaio | coreggiariu[s] | belt-maker |
| d. decretali | d. decretoru[s] | master of decrees/canon law |
| dipintore | painter | |
| dottore | doctor legum, legum doctor | doctor [of law] |
| fabbro | faber | blacksmith |
| farsettaio | farsettariu[s] | doublet maker |
| ferrabuoi | iron worker | |
| ferraio | ferrarius | iron worker |
| ferraiuolo | ferraiuolus | iron worker |
| ferratore | ferrator, ferratorius | iron worker |
| ferravecchi[o] | ferraveccar[ius], ferravechiu[s] | seller of scrap (old) iron |
| fiascaio | fiascarius | flask-maker |
| fibbiaio | fibbiarius | buckle maker |
| ficiarius | ? cutler | |
| fondacaio | fondacarius | warehouse keeper |
| forbiciaio | forbiciaius, forbiciariu[s] | maker of scissors |
| fornaciaio, forniciaio | fornaciariu[s] | kiln maker |
| fornaio | fornarius | baker |
| forzerinaio | safe maker | |
| forzerinari[o] | cooper? | |
| funaiuolo | funaiuolus | rope-maker |
| galigaio | galigarius | leather worker/tanner |
| gioielliere | jeweler | |
| giudice | iudex, iurisperitu[s]? | judge |
| granaiuolo | grain merchant | |
| guainaio | guainaius | sheath maker |
| guarnarius | cloak maker | |
| hospitatore | hospitator | innkeeper |
| intagliator[e] | engraver | |
| lanaio | lanarius | wool seller |
| lanaiuolo | lanaiuolus | wool seller |
| lanciaio | lanciarius | lancemaker |
| lanternaio | lantern-maker | |
| lastraiuolo | lastraiuolu[s] | flag-stone worker |
| legnaiolo, legnaiuolo | legnaiuolus | carpenter |
| linaiolo, linaiuolo | linaiolus, lanaiuolus, linaiuolus | linen seller |
| linarius | linen seller | |
| m. legnamini, m. lignamini | master of carpentry | |
| m.campane | bell-maker | |
| m.intagliat[ore] | master of engraving | |
| m.ritagli | master stonecutter | |
| maestro | magister | master/medical doctor |
| maestro abac[?] | ? | |
| maniscalco | blacksmith | |
| mastrosarto | master tailor | |
| medico | medicus | doctor |
| mercante, mercatante | mercator | (great) merchant |
| merciaio | merciarius | peddler |
| mileshieros | knight | |
| mugnaio | miller | |
| notaio | notarius | notary |
| oliandolo | oliandolus | oil seller |
| orafo | orafus | goldsmith |
| orciolaio | orciolarius | potter |
| orefice | aurifex | goldsmith |
| orpellaio | orpellarius | tinsel maker |
| ossaio | bone-worker | |
| ottonaio | ottonarius | brass worker |
| pagliaiuolo | ? [innkeeper] | |
| pallaio | ball-maker | |
| pannaiolo | pannaiuolus, pannarius | cloth seller |
| pannilinaio | seller of unfinished cloth | |
| pannilini | pannilinus | seller of unfinished cloth |
| pelacane | tanner | |
| pellicciaio | pellicarius, pellicciari[us] | furrier |
| pelliparius | furrier | |
| pesciaiuolo | pesciaiuolu[s] | fishmonger |
| pettinagnol[o] | pennaiuolus | wool comber |
| pezzaio | pezzarius | leather cutter |
| pianelarius | slipper maker | |
| pianellaio | pianellariu[s] | slipper maker |
| pittore | pictor | painter |
| pizzicagnol[o] | cheese and sausage seller | |
| pizzicagnol[o] | cheese and sausage seller | |
| pizzicagnuo | pizzicarius | cheese and sausage seller |
| pollaiuolo | pollaiuolus | poultry seller |
| prete | priest | |
| rangonaio | ? | |
| refaiuolo | threader | |
| ricamatore | ricamator | embroiderer |
| rigattiere | rigatterius | used clothing seller |
| rimendator[e] | sewer of wool cloth | |
| ritagliator[e] | wool seller | |
| riveditore | riveditor | finisher of woolen cloth |
| saggiator | assayer | |
| saponaio | saponarius | soap-maker |
| sarto | sartor | tailor |
| scardassier[e] | wool carder | |
| scarpellato | sculptor | |
| scodellaio | scodellariu[s] | bowl-maker |
| scultore | sculptor | |
| sellaio | sellarius | saddler |
| sensale | broker, middleman | |
| setaiuolo | setaiuolus | silk seller |
| spadaio | spadarius | sword maker |
| speziale | spetiarius | spice-seller/apothecary |
| spronaio | spronarius | spur maker |
| staderaio | staderarius | weigher |
| stagnatariu[s] | tin worker | |
| stamaiuolo | stamaiuolus | spinner (with distaff) |
| stampatore | artisan who stamps hole in leather | |
| stovigliaio | stovigliari[us] | earthenware dealer |
| sutor | tailor, cobbler | |
| tavolacciai[o] | tavolacciar[ius] | table-maker |
| tavoliere | tabulerius, tavolarius | banker (lit. "tabler") |
| tintore | tinctor, tintor | dyer |
| tiratore | tirator | stretcher of wool cloth |
| torcitore | twister (of rope) ? | |
| torniaio | turner (wood) | |
| vaiaio | vaiarius | furrier (specializing in vaire) |
| vinattiere | vinatterius | wine seller |
| Vernacular (Tuscan Italian) | Latin | Meaning |
| asinaio | ass dealer | |
| bambaciaio | wholesaler of cotton | |
| bandettaio | town crier, auctioneer | |
| banditore | town crier, auctioneer | |
| barattolaio | cooper | |
| bartlettaio | cooper | |
| becchino | grave-digger | |
| buffone | buffoon, jester | |
| bullettaio | scribe, letter writer | |
| calafato | caulker of ships | |
| candelaio | candle maker | |
| carnaiolo | meat processor | |
| carretaio | carter | |
| cartaio | paper-maker | |
| cavallaio | horse dealer | |
| cimbalaio | cymbal player, musician | |
| copertoaio | decker for ships | |
| cordatore | rope-maker | |
| corriere | messenger, town crier | |
| cuoco | cook | |
| curandaio | cloth bleacher | |
| dipintore | painter | |
| divettino | wool-beater | |
| drappiere | draper | |
| fante | servant | |
| fattore | clerk | |
| fiaschiaio | flask-maker | |
| filotoiaio | spinner | |
| forbelarme | burnisher (of arms) | |
| funaiolo | bag-maker | |
| lanino | wool manufacturer | |
| legnaio | carpenter | |
| manovale | day laborer | |
| marianaio | sailor | |
| mescitore di vino | wine seller | |
| messo | messenger, town crier | |
| meziere | standard bearer | |
| miniatore | miniature-maker | |
| mulatiere | mule driver | |
| muratore | brick layer | |
| ortolano | grocer | |
| oste | innkeeper | |
| pannelaio | wool cloth seller | |
| pattiere | sewer of wool cloth | |
| pergatore | cleaner of raw wool | |
| pesatore | weigher | |
| pescatore | fisherman | |
| pezzaio | leather worker | |
| piffero | fife player | |
| portatore | carrier of goods | |
| saccaio | sack-maker | |
| scamatino | wool-beater | |
| scegliattore | wool selector/sorter | |
| schermidore | fencer | |
| scribe | scribe | |
| segatore | sawer of wood | |
| sevaiolo | tallow dealer | |
| spedaliere | administrator of hospital or other charitable institution | |
| speranaio | saddler (pack?) | |
| stagaio | tinsmith | |
| stufaiolo | oven worker | |
| tessitore | weaver | |
| topaiolo | maker of locks for doors | |
| treccone | seller of fruits and vegetables | |
| veghegiatore | wool-beater | |
| vetturale | transporter (of people or goods) | |
| vigilaio | fireman |
Medieval Scotland | Medieval Names Archive
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